Peptide Guide

Semaglutide is a GLP-1 receptor agonist originally developed for type 2 diabetes that has demonstrated significant weight loss effects in clinical trials. It is sold under the brand names Ozempic (diabetes) and Wegovy (weight management).

Tirzepatide is a dual GIP/GLP-1 receptor agonist that has shown greater weight loss than semaglutide in head-to-head trials. It is sold under the brand names Mounjaro (diabetes) and Zepbound (weight management).

Retatrutide is a triple hormone receptor agonist (GIP/GLP-1/glucagon) currently in Phase 3 clinical trials. Early data shows up to 24% body weight loss, potentially making it the most effective weight loss peptide ever studied.

Liraglutide is an older GLP-1 receptor agonist requiring daily injection. Sold as Victoza (diabetes) and Saxenda (weight loss), it has been largely superseded by weekly semaglutide but remains widely prescribed.

Survodutide is a dual GLP-1/glucagon receptor agonist developed by Boehringer Ingelheim, currently in Phase 3 trials for obesity and metabolic liver disease.

Cagrilintide is a long-acting amylin analog being developed by Novo Nordisk, studied in combination with semaglutide (CagriSema) for enhanced weight loss.

Mazdutide is a dual GLP-1/glucagon receptor agonist developed by Innovent Biologics, primarily studied in Chinese populations.

Tesofensine is a triple monoamine reuptake inhibitor (serotonin, norepinephrine, dopamine) that reduces appetite through central nervous system pathways different from GLP-1 agonists.

AOD-9604 is a modified fragment of human growth hormone (hGH fragment 176-191) that stimulates fat breakdown without the growth-promoting effects of full HGH.

MOTS-c is a mitochondrial-derived peptide that regulates metabolic homeostasis and has been called an "exercise mimetic" for its ability to activate AMPK pathways.

SLU-PP-332 is an ERR (estrogen-related receptor) agonist that mimics the effects of endurance exercise on gene expression and metabolism.

Follistatin is a glycoprotein that inhibits myostatin, the protein that limits muscle growth. By blocking myostatin, follistatin allows for enhanced muscle development.

BPC-157 (Body Protection Compound-157) is a synthetic peptide derived from a protein found in human gastric juice. It has shown remarkable healing properties in preclinical studies across tendons, ligaments, muscle, gut, and nervous system tissue.

TB-500 is a synthetic version of a segment of Thymosin Beta-4, a naturally occurring protein involved in tissue repair, cell migration, and inflammation regulation.

Thymosin Beta-4 is the full-length naturally occurring protein from which TB-500 is derived. It plays a central role in tissue repair, cell migration, and immune modulation.

KPV is a tripeptide fragment of alpha-MSH with potent anti-inflammatory properties, primarily studied for gut inflammation and inflammatory bowel conditions.

LL-37 is a human antimicrobial peptide (cathelicidin) that plays a key role in innate immune defense against bacteria, viruses, and fungi.

ARA-290 is a non-erythropoietic peptide derived from erythropoietin (EPO) that provides tissue protection and repair without stimulating red blood cell production.

Ipamorelin is a selective growth hormone secretagogue that stimulates the pituitary gland to release growth hormone. It is considered the mildest and most selective GHRP with fewer side effects than alternatives.

CJC-1295 is a synthetic analog of growth hormone-releasing hormone (GHRH) that extends the half-life of natural GH release. Often combined with ipamorelin for amplified growth hormone output.

Sermorelin is a synthetic GHRH analog that stimulates natural GH production. It was previously FDA-approved for pediatric growth hormone deficiency.

Tesamorelin is a GHRH analog FDA-approved for reducing excess abdominal fat in HIV-associated lipodystrophy. It is the only FDA-approved GH secretagogue currently available.

GHRP-2 is a potent growth hormone releasing peptide that stimulates GH through the ghrelin receptor. Stronger than ipamorelin but with more side effects.

GHRP-6 is a growth hormone releasing peptide known for strong GH stimulation and significant appetite increase. Often used in bulking protocols.

Hexarelin is the most potent GHRP available, producing the strongest GH release but with the most side effects including significant cortisol and prolactin elevation.

IGF-1 LR3 is a modified version of insulin-like growth factor 1 with a longer half-life, promoting muscle growth and recovery.

MGF (Mechano Growth Factor) is a splice variant of IGF-1 produced in response to muscle damage, promoting satellite cell activation and muscle repair.

GHK-Cu (copper peptide) is a naturally occurring tripeptide bound to copper that declines with age. It is one of the most well-researched peptides for skin regeneration, wound healing, and anti-aging, with over 60 years of published research.

Epitalon is a synthetic tetrapeptide that stimulates telomerase production, potentially lengthening telomeres and extending cellular lifespan.

FOXO4-DRI is a senolytic peptide designed to selectively destroy senescent (zombie) cells that accumulate with aging and contribute to chronic inflammation.

SS-31 (Elamipretide) is a mitochondria-targeted peptide that restores mitochondrial function and has been studied in clinical trials for heart failure and mitochondrial diseases.

NAD+ (Nicotinamide Adenine Dinucleotide) is a coenzyme essential for cellular energy production and DNA repair that declines significantly with age.

Semax is a synthetic peptide analog of ACTH(4-10) developed in Russia, used clinically there for cognitive enhancement, stroke recovery, and neuroprotection.

Selank is a synthetic analog of the immunomodulatory peptide tuftsin with anxiolytic and nootropic properties, approved for clinical use in Russia.

Cerebrolysin is a porcine brain-derived peptide preparation used clinically in many countries for stroke recovery, traumatic brain injury, and dementia.

Dihexa is an extremely potent cognitive-enhancing peptide reported to be 10 million times more potent than BDNF at promoting new neural connections.

Pinealon is a tripeptide (Glu-Asp-Arg) that crosses the blood-brain barrier and has neuroprotective properties, developed by Russian researchers.

PT-141 (Bremelanotide) is FDA-approved for hypoactive sexual desire disorder in women. It works through the melanocortin system rather than the vascular system like Viagra.

Melanotan II is a synthetic melanocortin peptide that stimulates melanin production (tanning) and has sexual arousal and appetite-suppressing effects.

Gonadorelin is a synthetic GnRH (gonadotropin-releasing hormone) used to stimulate LH and FSH production, often prescribed to maintain fertility during testosterone therapy.

Kisspeptin is a neuropeptide that triggers the release of GnRH, playing a key role in puberty onset and reproductive hormone regulation.

DSIP (Delta Sleep Inducing Peptide) is a neuropeptide that promotes delta wave sleep, the deepest and most restorative phase of the sleep cycle.

Oxytocin is the naturally occurring "bonding hormone" available in synthetic form. FDA-approved for labor induction and postpartum hemorrhage, it is also studied for social anxiety and bonding.

VIP (Vasoactive Intestinal Peptide) is a neuropeptide with potent anti-inflammatory and immune-modulating properties, studied for mold illness and CIRS.